In general, liquid-crystal layers are able to change phase, polarization and amplitude of light, depending on the orientation of the optic axis and surrounding films. Our group focuses on a specific type of liquid-crystal phase element, the geometric phase hologram (GPH), in collaboration with the geometric phase lab in North Carolina State University. A liquid-crystal geometric phase hologram is a patterned phase plate and can be described as a half-wave plate with varying fast-axis orientation. The geometric phase hologram operates on circularly polarized light, introducing phase with opposite sign for the two circular polarization states. It is possible to write arbitrary fast-axis orientation patterns with high precision in a photo-alignment layer using a direct-write laser scanning system. Multiple liquid-crystal layers with different thickness and chiral twists may be arranged into a monolithic film to tune the retardance to half-wave over a large bandwidth. Any deviation from half-wave retardance causes ‘leakage’, some light is transmitted without acquiring the desired phase pattern. Current liquid-crystal recipes have <3% leakage over 100% bandwidth for unpolarized light.